personality traits of geniuses
The investigation into the psychological characteristics of eminent scientists began with Francis Gallon (1869,1874). His pioneering work was expanded by Cattell (1903, 1910), Havelock Ellis (1904), Cox (1926), Roe (1952), Cattell and Drevdahl (1955), Terman (1955), and by Taylor and Barron (1962), and others (see Jackson & Rushton, 1987, and Sulloway, 1996, for reviews). From this growing body of research it became clear that successful scientists are not at all "Saint-like" in either their personality or work style. They often display reclusive personalities, arrogant work styles, hostile responses to frustration, and intrinsic motivations bordering on autism. For instance, Terman's (1955) longitudinal study of 800 high-IQ men found that those who took science degrees at college differed from nonscientists in showing great intellectual curiosity from an early age and in being lower in sociability than average. Terman concluded that "the bulk of scientific research is carried on by devotees of science for whom research is their life and social relations are comparatively unimportant" (p. 7). Cited is the work of Roe (1952), who found scientists to have difficulty in interpersonal situations and to often try to avoid them. Terman described Roe's sample of scientists as tending "to be shy, lonely, slow in social development, and indifferent to close personal relationships, group activities, or politics" (p. 7; see chapter 20 for details). Terman noted that such traits were not necessarily defects of personality, for emotional breakdowns were no more common than among nonscientists. Instead, he suggested that a below-average interest in social relations and a heavy concentration of interest in the objective world was a normal departure from average that was decidedly favorable for the professional development of a scientist. Cattell's (1962, 1965) and Cattell and Drevdahl's (1955) profile of the prototypic scientist emerges from both the qualitative study of biographies and from quantitative psychometric studies of leading physicists, biologists, and psychologists. Cattell found successful scientists to be reserved and introverted, intelligent, emotionally stable, dominant, serious-minded, expedient, venture- some, sensitive, radically thinking, self-sufficient, and having a strong and exacting self-concept. He noted that the physicists, biologists, and psychologists were similar in personality except that psychologists were less serious-minded and more "surgent" and talkative than nonpsychologists. Creative scientists differed most from normals on schizothymia-cyclothymia factor, with scientific researchers being toward the schizothymic end. Cattell thus describes scientists as being skeptical, internally preoccupied, precise, and critical individuals who are exacting and reliable. Several studies were carried out by Barren and his colleagues (Barron, 1962; Taylor & Barron, 1962). Barron, for example, found creative people generally to be cognitively complex (preferring complexity and imbalance in pheno- mena), to have a more differentiated personality structure, to be independent in their judgment and less conformist in social contexts such as the Asch group pressure situation, to be self-assertive and dominant, and to be low in using suppression as a mechanism for the control of impulses and thoughts (that is, they forbade themselves fewer thoughts). Chambers (1964) compared eminent researchers with those not so eminent but matched on other relevant variables. Results indicated that the more creative scientists were also more dominant, had more initiative, were more self-sufficient, and were more motivated toward intellectual success. McClelland (1962) found successful scientists to be not only higher in need for achievement but also to be calculating risk-takers in the same way as are successful business entrepreneurs. The risk-taking, however, involved dealing with nature or physical situations rather than social situations, for he, too, found scientists to be decidedly avoidant of interpersonal relationships. Scientists, for instance, indicated a much higher preference for being a lighthouse keeper as opposed to being a headwaiter (Item no. 324 on the Strong Vocational Interest Blank). McClelland also argued that the need for scientific achievement was a strong aggressive drive "which is normally kept carefully in check and diverted into taking nature apart" (1962, p. 162). In short, the scientist is "introverted and bold" (Drevdahl & Cattell, 1958)
psychotism and intelligence
Psychoticism is the active ingredient in Eysenck's theory of creativity. Postulated as a fundamental dimension of personality, psychoticism inclines people to all types of abnormal behaviors (see Figure 19.2, and chapter 6). Low scorers on the psychoticism scale are characterized as high in empathy, socialization, and co-operativeness whereas high scorers are seen as cold, egocentric, aggressive, and tough-minded (and given to syndromes such as psychopathy and schizophrenia). Here Eysenck follows the theory that people who are highly original and creative differ from the vast majority in showing behavioral quirks similar to those of schizophrenics and other psychotics. Behavior-genetic studies suggest a common hereditary basis for great potential and for psychopathological deviation (see chapters 6, 12, and 17).
japan treatment of prisoners before ww2
McCaul concluded her inspection with praise: "I had witnessed a treatment of their enemies which would reflect the greatest credit on any nation. The Russians were being treated as guests of the country, not mere prisoners of war. " Seaman also was impressed." In the treatment of her prisoners, [Japan] had not only surpassed all previous records, but had established a new standard of humanity for the nations of the future. " Based on various reports of foreign representatives regarding the treatment of Russian prisoners, the Belgian minister in Tokyo . Baron d'Anethan, summed up the general view of his contemporary observers:
The solicitude of the Japanese for the Russian wounded and prisoners is ... admirable ... The myth of Japanese hatred for the foreigner will vanish like many other myths unfavorable to Japan by the very testimony of her enemies, who will bear witness to the humanitarian feelings of their conquerors. The image of the able Japanese military heroes constructed m the We stern reports contrasted sharply with foreign perceptions of Japan prior to the Russo-Japanese War, when Western media had depicted Japanese military, dressed in ill-fitting uniforms. with contempt and sarcasm. Frequently the very sight of Japanese soldiers "evoked loud laughter among Western observers," who perceived them as feminine and childish. "Europeans think it is very funny that on the march on hot days every Japanese soldier should use a fan, "the Tokyo-based German physician Erwin Baelz wrote. The British writer and poet of imperialism Rudyard Kipling, who had visited Japan in 1889 and 1892, agreed that the delicate fans and tea sets he noticed in an army barracks in Osaka did "not go with one 's notion of a barrack." Although he noted that the Japanese soldier "makes a trim little blue-jacket," he concluded "he does not understand soldiering."
The solicitude of the Japanese for the Russian wounded and prisoners is ... admirable ... The myth of Japanese hatred for the foreigner will vanish like many other myths unfavorable to Japan by the very testimony of her enemies, who will bear witness to the humanitarian feelings of their conquerors. The image of the able Japanese military heroes constructed m the We stern reports contrasted sharply with foreign perceptions of Japan prior to the Russo-Japanese War, when Western media had depicted Japanese military, dressed in ill-fitting uniforms. with contempt and sarcasm. Frequently the very sight of Japanese soldiers "evoked loud laughter among Western observers," who perceived them as feminine and childish. "Europeans think it is very funny that on the march on hot days every Japanese soldier should use a fan, "the Tokyo-based German physician Erwin Baelz wrote. The British writer and poet of imperialism Rudyard Kipling, who had visited Japan in 1889 and 1892, agreed that the delicate fans and tea sets he noticed in an army barracks in Osaka did "not go with one 's notion of a barrack." Although he noted that the Japanese soldier "makes a trim little blue-jacket," he concluded "he does not understand soldiering."
progressivism
The point is that you need the right amount of progressive thinking to
unlock a people's full potential. Too little and you get a stagnant
society, too much and you get the planet of the apes. Look at what
progressive culture did to the West. The West is full of dwebs are
retarded cuckolds who gets excited that a nerd like me gets banned by
some butthurt faggot mod.
regression to the mean and intelligence
You seem to be retarded so let me explain. The reason why claiming that
regression to the mean also applies for IQ is dumb is because
intelligence is not purely determined by genetic factors, even gray
matter density in certain region of the brain, which is a major
correlate of intelligence is partly environmental. This is why the
concept is misapplied here. Not to mention that different subgroups
within a racial group have different mean IQ scores.
why China never industrialized
The reasons China didn't industrialize before Europe can be summed up as follows:
- Confucian thought prioritized harmony over progress (harmony with nature, harmony with other countries).
- Confucian thought also showed disdain for aggressive military actions (explaining why China declared less war than France).
- Confucian countries instituted conservative policies (as opposed to progressive policies) that inhibited social progress (education was available to a select few, language was designed in such a way to prevent commoners from learning it, certain knowledge was not made public esp in engineering).
- Confucian countries had a disdain for greed (merchants were considered like animals).
- Confucian scholars were themselves driving forces behind science and technology (meaning the scientists were themselves politicians in most cases and this created a toxic environment for innovation).
- Confucian thought also disincentived meritocracy in favor of seniority.
- Confucian countries were highly risk-adverse, which prevented naval travel and discoveries.
- Confucian thought prioritized harmony over progress (harmony with nature, harmony with other countries).
- Confucian thought also showed disdain for aggressive military actions (explaining why China declared less war than France).
- Confucian countries instituted conservative policies (as opposed to progressive policies) that inhibited social progress (education was available to a select few, language was designed in such a way to prevent commoners from learning it, certain knowledge was not made public esp in engineering).
- Confucian countries had a disdain for greed (merchants were considered like animals).
- Confucian scholars were themselves driving forces behind science and technology (meaning the scientists were themselves politicians in most cases and this created a toxic environment for innovation).
- Confucian thought also disincentived meritocracy in favor of seniority.
- Confucian countries were highly risk-adverse, which prevented naval travel and discoveries.
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