The Witcher 3's settings feel relatively tame in the face of other
recent releases, but still require demystification. The options are
split into two tabs: Graphics and post-processing. Graphics contains the
core, familiar game settings; post-processing contains filtration FX
that are applied to the output or additionally rendered.
We'll skip the obvious ones and keep this at a top-level for now, but check back shortly for more information on the game's settings.
NVidia HairWorks: Part of nVidia's GameWorks SDK that's provided to game developers. HairWorks is entirely built for nVidia devices and should be disabled for all AMD devices. We disabled this completely for all testing to eliminate test variance, regardless of which manufacturers was presently on the bench. HairWorks draws additional strands of hair and adds a fluidity of motion that assists in realism. We discuss this more in an older article about the technology, found here. HairWorks enacts one of the largest hits to performance out of all game settings, even on nVidia hardware.
Number of Background Characters: Pretty simple. This slider defines a limit on non-essential actors rendered to the screen. We'll validate this in our next test run, but our current hypothesis is that this setting impacts non-character actors as well, like some unessential wildlife.
Terrain Quality: There's no direct mention of tessellation or deformation of terrain elements, but terrain quality does impact the detail of hills and other terrain elements. More on this as we continue to dissect the game.
Water Quality: In our test section, this didn't seem to impact performance too heavily – other factors had greater hits to FPS that were more noticeable. When the rendered output is more heavily dominated by water, framerate will show greater dips from higher water qualities as defined here.
Grass Density: We learned with GTA V that grass density actually can have profound impact on game performance. In the case of the Witcher 3, it's not quite as bad, but still noteworthy. When immersed in prairies and grassy countrysides, framerate hits can emerge resultant of higher settings here.
Texture Quality: The resolution of the game's textures. Texture quality contributes to VRAM consumption notably.
Foliage Visibility Range: This setting had somewhat large hits to performance as it increased. The setting governs view distance of grass and unessential shrubs / plantlife that juts up from the terrain. Lowering this means that foliage will "pop" into view as the visibility threshold is met.
Detail Level: The LOD of objects and game elements. Objects will lose sharpness, texture (as in grit, not as in actual textures), and apparent depth as this is decreased.
Bloom: Bloom's been around forever in games. Bloom is a shader effect that's prevalent when light bleeds into environments; an example would be light cast through a window or the "shimmering" seen above an open flame.
Ambient Occlusion: We set this to "SSAO" for all testing. HBAO+ is an nVidia-enabled AO technology that produces a slight performance hit to hardware, but is optimized for on nVidia GPUs. Ambient Occlusion, at a top-level, governs how the light interacts with reflective surfaces in the game.
Depth of Field: DOF, as in the photography term. Depth of Field layering produces a “bokeh” (blurred background) effect surrounding the in-focus object or character.
Chromatic Aberration: Also found in photography. Chromatic Aberration doesn't necessarily make a lot of real-world sense in the Witcher, as it is primarily used to describe a camera lens' inability to bring all EM wavelengths (colors) into focus. This creates a shimmering glow around objects.
Vignetting: The final photography term in The Witcher 3's settings. A photographic vignette applies a soft shadow or darkness around the edges of an image.
Light Shafts: Also known as "God Rays," which are cast down from the sun through gaps in tree coverage or other obstructing items.
We'll skip the obvious ones and keep this at a top-level for now, but check back shortly for more information on the game's settings.
NVidia HairWorks: Part of nVidia's GameWorks SDK that's provided to game developers. HairWorks is entirely built for nVidia devices and should be disabled for all AMD devices. We disabled this completely for all testing to eliminate test variance, regardless of which manufacturers was presently on the bench. HairWorks draws additional strands of hair and adds a fluidity of motion that assists in realism. We discuss this more in an older article about the technology, found here. HairWorks enacts one of the largest hits to performance out of all game settings, even on nVidia hardware.
Number of Background Characters: Pretty simple. This slider defines a limit on non-essential actors rendered to the screen. We'll validate this in our next test run, but our current hypothesis is that this setting impacts non-character actors as well, like some unessential wildlife.
Terrain Quality: There's no direct mention of tessellation or deformation of terrain elements, but terrain quality does impact the detail of hills and other terrain elements. More on this as we continue to dissect the game.
Water Quality: In our test section, this didn't seem to impact performance too heavily – other factors had greater hits to FPS that were more noticeable. When the rendered output is more heavily dominated by water, framerate will show greater dips from higher water qualities as defined here.
Grass Density: We learned with GTA V that grass density actually can have profound impact on game performance. In the case of the Witcher 3, it's not quite as bad, but still noteworthy. When immersed in prairies and grassy countrysides, framerate hits can emerge resultant of higher settings here.
Texture Quality: The resolution of the game's textures. Texture quality contributes to VRAM consumption notably.
Foliage Visibility Range: This setting had somewhat large hits to performance as it increased. The setting governs view distance of grass and unessential shrubs / plantlife that juts up from the terrain. Lowering this means that foliage will "pop" into view as the visibility threshold is met.
Detail Level: The LOD of objects and game elements. Objects will lose sharpness, texture (as in grit, not as in actual textures), and apparent depth as this is decreased.
Bloom: Bloom's been around forever in games. Bloom is a shader effect that's prevalent when light bleeds into environments; an example would be light cast through a window or the "shimmering" seen above an open flame.
Ambient Occlusion: We set this to "SSAO" for all testing. HBAO+ is an nVidia-enabled AO technology that produces a slight performance hit to hardware, but is optimized for on nVidia GPUs. Ambient Occlusion, at a top-level, governs how the light interacts with reflective surfaces in the game.
Depth of Field: DOF, as in the photography term. Depth of Field layering produces a “bokeh” (blurred background) effect surrounding the in-focus object or character.
Chromatic Aberration: Also found in photography. Chromatic Aberration doesn't necessarily make a lot of real-world sense in the Witcher, as it is primarily used to describe a camera lens' inability to bring all EM wavelengths (colors) into focus. This creates a shimmering glow around objects.
Vignetting: The final photography term in The Witcher 3's settings. A photographic vignette applies a soft shadow or darkness around the edges of an image.
Light Shafts: Also known as "God Rays," which are cast down from the sun through gaps in tree coverage or other obstructing items.
leibniz on china
But who would have believed that there is on earth a people who,
though we are in our view so very advanced in every branch of behavior,
still surpass us in comprehending the precepts of civil life? Yet now
we find this to be so among the Chinese, as we learn to know them
better. And so if we are their equals in the industrial arts, and ahead
of them in contemplative sciences, certainly they surpass us (though it
is almost shameful to confess this) in practical philosophy, that is,
in the precepts of ethics and politics adapted to the present life and
use of mortals. Indeed, it is difficult to describe how beautifully all
the laws of the Chinese, in contrast to those of other peoples, are
directed to the achievement of public tranquility and the establishment
of social order, so that men shall be disrupted in their relations as
little as possible. Certainly by their own doing men suffer the
greatest evils and in turn inflict them upon each other. It is truly
said that "man is a wolf to man." Our folly is indeed great, but quite
universal. We exposed as we are to natural injuries, heap woes on
ourselves, as though they were lacking from elsewhere.
though we are in our view so very advanced in every branch of behavior,
still surpass us in comprehending the precepts of civil life? Yet now
we find this to be so among the Chinese, as we learn to know them
better. And so if we are their equals in the industrial arts, and ahead
of them in contemplative sciences, certainly they surpass us (though it
is almost shameful to confess this) in practical philosophy, that is,
in the precepts of ethics and politics adapted to the present life and
use of mortals. Indeed, it is difficult to describe how beautifully all
the laws of the Chinese, in contrast to those of other peoples, are
directed to the achievement of public tranquility and the establishment
of social order, so that men shall be disrupted in their relations as
little as possible. Certainly by their own doing men suffer the
greatest evils and in turn inflict them upon each other. It is truly
said that "man is a wolf to man." Our folly is indeed great, but quite
universal. We exposed as we are to natural injuries, heap woes on
ourselves, as though they were lacking from elsewhere.
japan tech innovation patent
>>2041611
http://graphics.eiu.com/pdf/cisco_innovation_methodology.pdf
Although it is the single best available measure of innovation output, patent numbers are an imperfect proxy for overall innovation activity. Firms often choose to keep innovations that are commerciallysensitive a secret; the propensity to patent may also vary according to the costs of patenting; and many patents may never be implemented commercially. Patents may even obstruct innovation on occasion if they slow the diffusion of knowledge or pose prohibitive barriers to market entry.Inventions, moreover, do not all have the same value. The value distribution of patents is skewed: afew patents have a high value, whereas many have lower values. However, since there are no generally recognised, easily applicable methods for measuring the value of patents, researchers merely count the number of patents meeting various criteria. International comparisons are also affected by differences in procedures and standards across patenting offices. For example, in Japan, a different patent application had until recently to be submitted for each claim; in other countries multiple claims can be made in each application. This helps in part to explain the much larger level of patenting applications in Japan.
One patent measure that reduces some of these problems, and that has been widely used in
international comparisons, is that of the so-called triadic patent families. Triadic patents are those that have been applied for at the EPO, the JPO, and granted by the USPTO to protect the same invention. The triadic patents are counted on the basis of the earliest priority year—the year in which a patent was first applied for at any patent offi ce. However, although triadic patents are in some ways easier to compare across countries, they cover only a small subset of total patents. They are also biased towards high-technology fields and thus may present a skewed picture of total innovation performance. We thus construct another patent measure as the sum of patents applied for by, or granted to, a country’s applicants by regional centres—that is the USPTO, the EPO and the JPO. This measure differs from the triadic patents measure in that patents do not have to have been filed in all three offices to be counted.
http://graphics.eiu.com/pdf/cisco_innovation_methodology.pdf
Although it is the single best available measure of innovation output, patent numbers are an imperfect proxy for overall innovation activity. Firms often choose to keep innovations that are commerciallysensitive a secret; the propensity to patent may also vary according to the costs of patenting; and many patents may never be implemented commercially. Patents may even obstruct innovation on occasion if they slow the diffusion of knowledge or pose prohibitive barriers to market entry.Inventions, moreover, do not all have the same value. The value distribution of patents is skewed: afew patents have a high value, whereas many have lower values. However, since there are no generally recognised, easily applicable methods for measuring the value of patents, researchers merely count the number of patents meeting various criteria. International comparisons are also affected by differences in procedures and standards across patenting offices. For example, in Japan, a different patent application had until recently to be submitted for each claim; in other countries multiple claims can be made in each application. This helps in part to explain the much larger level of patenting applications in Japan.
One patent measure that reduces some of these problems, and that has been widely used in
international comparisons, is that of the so-called triadic patent families. Triadic patents are those that have been applied for at the EPO, the JPO, and granted by the USPTO to protect the same invention. The triadic patents are counted on the basis of the earliest priority year—the year in which a patent was first applied for at any patent offi ce. However, although triadic patents are in some ways easier to compare across countries, they cover only a small subset of total patents. They are also biased towards high-technology fields and thus may present a skewed picture of total innovation performance. We thus construct another patent measure as the sum of patents applied for by, or granted to, a country’s applicants by regional centres—that is the USPTO, the EPO and the JPO. This measure differs from the triadic patents measure in that patents do not have to have been filed in all three offices to be counted.
Our patents-based measure correlates well with other proxies for innovation performance. In our original study we looked at data on citations from scientific and technical journals; UNIDO estimates for2000 of the share of medium- and high-technology products in a country’s manufacturing output and its manufacturing exports; and the results of a survey question from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report that asked respondents to rate the extent to which companies were adept at, or able to absorb, new technology. Up-to-date data on article citations and medium-and high-technology output and exports was not available. We thus added some other indicators. Our new set of alternative indicators of innovation output consist of:
We have constructed a composite measure of innovation performance that consists of these indicatorsas well as our patents measure of performance. The composite index gives very similar results to the“patents only” measure. For example, Japan remains first-ranked and Switzerland second. The US, Sweden and Finland are also in the top 5. Thus we can examine the “patents only” index with considerable confidence that it truly reflects a country’s innovation performance.
gold man sach predictions
Estimated GDP per capita in 2050
Rank Country GDP per capita (in USD)
1 United States 91,683
2 South Korea 90,294
3 United Kingdom 80,234
4 Russia 78,576
5 Canada 76,002
6 France 75,253
7 Germany 68,253
8 Japan 66,846
9 Mexico 63,149
10 Italy 58,545
11 Brazil 49,759
12 China 49,650
13 Turkey 45,595
14 Vietnam 33,472
15 Iran 32,676
16 Indonesia 22,395
17 India 20,836
18 Egypt 20,500
19 Philippines 20,388
20 Nigeria 13,014
Rank Country GDP per capita (in USD)
1 United States 91,683
2 South Korea 90,294
3 United Kingdom 80,234
4 Russia 78,576
5 Canada 76,002
6 France 75,253
7 Germany 68,253
8 Japan 66,846
9 Mexico 63,149
10 Italy 58,545
11 Brazil 49,759
12 China 49,650
13 Turkey 45,595
14 Vietnam 33,472
15 Iran 32,676
16 Indonesia 22,395
17 India 20,836
18 Egypt 20,500
19 Philippines 20,388
20 Nigeria 13,014
dat butthurt white supermacist
▶ 6cdea3 No.1994736>>1994751
>>1994736
>Every single sound in the Korean language can be found in the alphabet.
Woop dee fuckin doo. Are you Korean? Answer the question.
>>1994751
>HURRRRR BEING ABLE TO EASILY WRITE EVERY SINGLE SOUND PHONETICALLY AND ACCOUNTING FOR ALL POSSIBLE CONSONANT CLUSTERS AND DIPHTHONGS ISN'T AN ACHIEVEMENT
I'm not a fucking Korean.
>>1994878
Since I'm white, it's about 3000 years old, as you said.
Hangul was invented in 1443.
And nobody fucking said anything about taking away the merits of the phonetic alphabet. But what you have in this thread a crew of autistic fucks who've never left their basement, let alone visited Korea, who think they are experts on world history, culture, politics, and linguistics.
Indo-European alphabets may be phonetic but not nearly as precise as Hangul. It's a linguistic marvel and the only way around seeing that is being a bigoted autism patient angry over his inability to pick up K-Pop girls.
Every single sound in the Korean language can be found in the alphabet. Very few others do that. That's why it's praised by linguists and been studied in depth.
>HURRRR NOBODY COULD POSSIBLY DISAGREE WITH ME UNLESS THEY BELONG TO AN ETHNIC GROUP I DON'T LIKE
>HURRRR I DON'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT LINGUISTICS
>>1994736
>Every single sound in the Korean language can be found in the alphabet.
Woop dee fuckin doo. Are you Korean? Answer the question.
>>1994751
>HURRRRR BEING ABLE TO EASILY WRITE EVERY SINGLE SOUND PHONETICALLY AND ACCOUNTING FOR ALL POSSIBLE CONSONANT CLUSTERS AND DIPHTHONGS ISN'T AN ACHIEVEMENT
I'm not a fucking Korean.
>>1994878
Since I'm white, it's about 3000 years old, as you said.
Hangul was invented in 1443.
And nobody fucking said anything about taking away the merits of the phonetic alphabet. But what you have in this thread a crew of autistic fucks who've never left their basement, let alone visited Korea, who think they are experts on world history, culture, politics, and linguistics.
Indo-European alphabets may be phonetic but not nearly as precise as Hangul. It's a linguistic marvel and the only way around seeing that is being a bigoted autism patient angry over his inability to pick up K-Pop girls.
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